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| 3D打印镍基高温合金研究进展 |
| Research Progress of Nickel-based Superalloys for 3D Printing |
| Received:June 11, 2024 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2024.07.007 |
| 中文关键词: 高温合金 3D打印 粉末制备 组织 性能 |
| 英文关键词: superalloy 3D printing powder preparation microstructure properties |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52371012) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | CAO Yifan | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China | | WANG Rui | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China | | SUN Baode | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai 200240, China | | LI Sitong | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China | | TAN Qingbiao | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China | | HE Jian | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China | | KONG Decheng | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China | | ZHU Guoliang | School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai 200240, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 金属3D打印技术依照三维模型进行复杂几何形状构件的制造，可以制造传统制造手段无法实现的复杂结构，已经成为复杂高温合金构件成形的重要技术手段。然而，当采用3D打印工艺制备镍基高温合金构件时，存在原料/能量源/熔池之间的相互作用，并在大温度梯度、极快冷等条件下会进行非平衡凝固，这些特殊的过程决定了3D打印镍基高温合金有着不均匀的微观组织与各向异性的力学性能。现阶段，对增材镍基高温合金微观结构-性能-使役行为的理解比较欠缺，严重限制了其在工业领域的广泛应用。本文讨论了3D打印镍基高温合金的特点;归纳了不同制粉方式、粒径比、粉末成分、缺陷、流动性等粉末原材料特性对3D打印镍基高温合金冶金质量的影响;梳理了3D打印激光能量、扫描速度、扫描间距等工艺参数对镍基高温合金晶粒、析出相及偏析等微观组织的影响;讨论了影响3D打印镍基高温合金拉伸、蠕变及疲劳性能的因素。最后，总结了3D打印镍基高温合金发展过程中面临的问题及可能的对策，提出了一些值得探索的方向。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Metal 3D printing technology, which can manufacture components with complex geometric shapes based on three-dimensional models and realize structures that cannot be achieved by traditional manufacturing methods, has become an important technology for the forming of complex high-temperature alloy components. However, during the process of nickel-based superalloy components by 3D printing, there is an interaction of raw materials/energy sources/melt pool, and the process involves non-equilibrium solidification under large temperature gradients and extremely fast cooling conditions. These special processes determine the heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical properties of 3D printed nickel-based superalloys. At this stage, the lack of understanding of the microstructure, properties, and mechanical properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys has severely limited its wide application in the industrial field. In this work, the characteristics of 3D printed nickel-based superalloys were discussed. The effect of powder raw material characteristics such as powder preparation method, particle size ratio, composition, defects, and fluidity on the metallurgical quality of 3D printed nickel-based superalloys was summarized. The effect of process parameters such as laser energy, scanning speed, and scanning spacing on the microstructure characteristics of nickel-based superalloys such as grains, precipitates, and segregation was sorted out. The factors affecting the tensile, creep and fatigue properties of 3D printed nickel-based superalloys were discussed. Finally, the problems and possible countermeasures faced in 3D printed nickel-based superalloys investigation were summarized, and some directions worth exploring were proposed. |
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