文章摘要
高表面粗糙度6061铝合金的两酸抛光工艺研究
Two-acid Polishing Process of 6061 Aluminum Alloy with High Surface Roughness
Received:May 22, 2023  
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2023.09.022
中文关键词: 两酸  化学抛光  6061铝合金  粗糙度  表面形貌
英文关键词: two-acid  chemical polishing  6061 aluminum alloy  roughness  surface morphology
基金项目:
Author NameAffiliation
XU Fang School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China 
WANG Yu School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China 
FANG Qian-wen School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China 
TENG Xin-yue School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China 
WANG Zhi-qiang Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Industrial Technology Testing Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China 
QIAO Ye-ping Shanghai Nonferrous Metal Industrial Technology Testing Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China 
WANG Zhen-wei School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China 
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中文摘要:
      目的 为了降低6061铝合金的表面粗糙度,提出了一种环保型的两酸化学抛光工艺,并探究了抛光工艺条件对6061铝合金表面粗糙度和表面形貌的影响。方法 采用正交实验设计,确定6061铝合金两酸抛光添加剂的浓度,在此基础上通过单因素实验进一步对抛光液配方、温度和时间进行参数优化。通过粗糙度仪测量抛光前后的粗糙度和表面轮廓曲线,利用金相显微镜观察抛光前后的微观表面和断面金相,并且计算最佳工艺下的失重率。结果 在温度100 ℃、抛光10 min条件下,当抛光液的成分为H3PO4+H2SO4(质量比为2︰1)、10 g/L硫酸铝、2 g/L硫酸铜、1.6 g/L金属盐A、3 g/L氧化剂B、15 g/L过硫酸铵、1.5 g/L钼酸铵时,抛光效果最好。在最佳工艺下进行抛光,使铝合金表面粗糙度从6~8 µm降低至2 µm左右,粗糙度的标准差从2 µm左右降低至1 µm以下,失重率在0.002~0.004 g/(cm2.min)范围内波动,并且得到了光亮的表面。结论 该抛光体系在处理高表面粗糙度的6061铝合金时表现出良好的抛光效果,研究结果对提高3D打印的6061铝合金零件表面质量提供了较好的借鉴与理论分析基础。
英文摘要:
      The work aims to propose an environmentally friendly two-acid chemical polishing process to mitigate the roughness of the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy and investigate the effect of polishing process conditions on the surface roughness and surface morphology of 6061 aluminum alloy. An orthogonal experimental design was introduced to determine the optimal concentrations of different additives for the two-acid polishing process applied to the 6061 aluminum alloy. Based on this, the parameter optimization of the polishing solution formulation, temperature, and time was further carried out through single-factor experiments. Surface roughness and profile, as well as micro-surface morphology and cross-sectional metallography before and after the polishing process were evaluated with a roughness tester and a metallographic microscope, respectively. Additionally, the rate of weight loss was calculated under the optimized processing conditions. The experimental results revealed that the best polishing outcome was achieved by utilizing a polishing solution composed of H3PO4+H2SO4 at a mass ratio of 2︰1, along with 10 g/L of Al2(SO4)3, 2 g/L of CuSO4, 1.6 g/L of metal salt A, 3 g/L of oxidant B, 15 g/L of (NH4)2S2O8, and 1.5 g/L of (NH4)2MoO2 at a temperature of 100 ℃ fora polishing duration of 10 minutes. Polishing under the optimal process conditions resulted in the reduction of the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy from 6-8 µm to approximately 2 µm, with the standard deviation of the roughness decreasing from around 2 µm to below 1 µm, while the rate of weight loss remained within the fluctuation range of 0.002-0.004 g/(cm2.min), accompanied by a lustrous surface. The polishing system has exhibited good polishing outcomes when applied to treating the elevated surface roughness of 6061 aluminum alloy. These findings provide a robust reference and a solid theoretical analysis foundation for enhancing the surface quality of 3D-printed 6061 aluminum alloy components.
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