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| 超声微锻造辅助定向能量沉积316L不锈钢微观组织与力学性能研究 |
| Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Prepared by Ultrasonic Micro-forging Assisted Directed Energy Deposition |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2023.07.003 |
| 中文关键词: 定向能量沉积 超声微锻造 316L不锈钢 微观组织 力学性能 |
| 英文关键词: directed energy deposition ultrasonic micro-forging 316l stainless steel microstructure mechanical properties |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发项目（2021CXGC010206） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WANG Shuo | Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China | | LIN Jun | Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China | | WU Tao | Engineering Training Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China | | HOU Shuai | LATEC Advanced Manufacturing Ltd., Jinan 250000, China | | HUO Chun-sen | LATEC Advanced Manufacturing Ltd., Jinan 250000, China | | WANG Guang-chun | Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 在定向能量沉积（Directed Energy Deposition，DED）增材过程中，快速加热与冷却会导致增材构件出现晶粒粗大、孔洞裂纹缺陷多、综合力学性能偏差等问题，针对以上情况，对超声微锻造辅助DED增材316L不锈钢进行了研究。方法 设计了一套活动自由度高、超声振动能量易集中的滚珠式超声微锻造辅助增材制造系统，并研究了该超声微锻造系统对DED增材316L不锈钢微观组织与力学性能的影响。采用控制变量法对DED增材316L不锈钢的打印参数进行了优化，获得了最优打印参数下未加超声微锻造辅助的不锈钢试样的组织和力学性能。然后在相同的打印参数下采用本文设计的滚珠式超声微锻造系统辅助制备不锈钢试样，并分析了滚珠式超声微锻造对试样微观组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果 超声微锻造辅助DED增材能够细化柱状晶晶粒，使柱状晶宽度变窄，层间分布更加清晰，孔洞裂纹等缺陷减少，位错密度增加，位错密度由5.19×1013 m−2升高至7.5×1013 m−2；在力学性能方面，试样的屈服强度与抗拉强度均有所提升，增材件的屈服强度由（517.4±0.73） MPa提升至（550.1±4.49） MPa，抗拉强度由（705.1±0.34） MPa提升至（736.5±7.44） MPa，屈服强度与抗拉强度均高于锻件（327 MPa，620 MPa）水平，塑性略有降低，试样的伸长率由（45.9±3.67）%降低至（37.01±3.6）%。结论 滚珠式超声微锻造辅助DED增材316L不锈钢能够抑制晶粒的外延生长，细化柱状晶晶粒，减少孔洞裂纹等缺陷，提升其屈服强度与抗拉强度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to study the 316L stainless steel prepared by ultrasonic micro-forging assisted directed energy deposition (DED), in order to solve the problems of coarse grain size, many holes and cracks, and deviation of comprehensive mechanical properties of the DED parts due to the rapid heating and cooling in DED process. A roller-ball ultrasonic micro-forging assisted additive manufacturing system with high freedom of movement and easy concentration of ultrasonic vibration energy was designed, and the effect of the ultrasonic micro-forging system on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DED 316L stainless steel was studied. Firstly, the control variable method was used to optimize the print parameters of DED 316L stainless steel, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the stainless steel samples without ultrasonic micro-forging assistance under the optimal print parameters were obtained. Then, under the same print parameters, the roller-ball ultrasonic micro-forging system designed was used to assist the preparation of the stainless steel samples. The effect of roller-ball ultrasonic micro-forging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples was analyzed. The DED assisted by ultrasonic micro-forging could refine the columnar grains, narrow the columnar crystal width, make the columnar crystal distribution clearer, reduce the hole cracks and other defects, and increase the dislocation density from 5.19×1013 m−2 to 7.5×1013 m−2. In terms of mechanical properties, the yield strength and tensile strength of the samples were both improved. The yield strength increased from (517.4±0.73) MPa to (550.1±4.49) MPa, and the tensile strength increased from (705.1±0.34) MPa to (736.5±7.44) MPa. The yield strength and tensile strength were higher than that of the forging (327 MPa, 620 MPa). The plasticity was slightly reduced and the elongation of the samples decreased from (45.9±3.67)% to (37.01±3.6)%. The 316L stainless steel prepared by roller-ball ultrasonic micro-forging assisted DED can inhibit the epitaxial growth of grains, refine columnar grains, reduce defects such as holes and cracks, and improve the yield strength and tensile strength. |
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