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| 电流模式和焊接方向对316L不锈钢增材制造成形的影响研究 |
| Effects of Current Mode and Welding Direction on Forming of 316L Stainless Steel Additive Manufacturing |
| Received:June 12, 2021 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2022.04.016 |
| 中文关键词: 电弧增材制造 电流模式 焊接方向 表面成形 微观组织 |
| 英文关键词: arc additive manufacturing current mode welding direction surface forming microstructure |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51805099);广东省省级科技计划(2017B090914005);广东省研究生教育创新计划(2017QTLXXM38);2018年广东省联合培养研究生示范基地项目;广州市科技计划(201805010001);广东省普通高校重点领域专项(智能制造)(2020ZDZX2019，2020ZDZX2002) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | PU Bin | Guangdong Technical Normal University, Guangzhou 510630, China | | TANG He-qing | Guangdong Technical Normal University, Guangzhou 510630, China | | YAO Ping | Guangdong Technical Normal University, Guangzhou 510630, China
Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China | | XIANG Dan | Guangdong Technical Normal University, Guangzhou 510630, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究电流模式和焊接方向对316L不锈钢增材制造成形、内部微观组织和硬度的影响。方法 保持其他焊接工艺参数不变，采用Pulse、SpeedPulse、SpeedPulseXT这3种电流模式及同向和往复2种焊接方向进行单道多层堆积，采用光学显微镜观察增材制造件的微观组织并用洛氏硬度计测量其硬度值。结果 采用不同电流模式和不同焊接方向会影响增材制造件的冷却速率和凝固方式，进而影响增材制造件的表面成形和力学性能。同方向焊接时，随着电流模式的改变，焊接热输入增大，液态金属的流动性和铺展行为逐渐增强，增材制造件的高度尺寸减小，宽度尺寸增大，熔合线处δ铁素体受冷却速率的影响由块状变为蠕虫状，Pulse模式存在元素偏析;往复方向焊接时，外形尺寸没有明显的变化，熔合线处δ铁素体以胞状和蠕虫状为主。硬度测试结果表明，SpeedPulse模式硬度变化最小，SpeedPulseXT模式次之，Pulse模式硬度变化最大。结论 采用MIG焊进行316L不锈钢增材制造时，不同电流模式会对增材件的成形、内部金相组织和硬度产生影响。采用同方向焊接比往复方向焊接对增材件形貌的影响更大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to study the effects of current mode and welding direction on the forming, microstructure and hardness of 316L stainless steel in additive manufacturing. Other welding parameters were kept unchanged. Three current modes of Pulse, SpeedPulse and SpeedPulseXT and two welding directions of the same direction and reciprocating direction were used to carry out single-channel multi-layer stacking. The microstructure of the additive manufactured parts was observed by optical microscope and their hardness was measured by Rockwell hardness tester. Different current modes and different welding directions can affect the cooling rate and solidification mode of the additive manufactured parts, and then affect the surface forming and mechanical properties of the additive manufactured parts. When welding in the same direction, with the change of current mode, the heat transport of welding increased gradually, the fluidity and spreading behavior of liquid metal increased gradually, the height size of additive manufactured parts decreased, and the width size increased. The δ ferrite at the fusion line changed from massive to wormlike under the effect of cooling rate, and there was element segregation in Pulse mode. There was no obvious change in the shape of δ ferrite in the reciprocating direction, and the δ ferrite was mainly cellular and wormlike at the fusion line. The hardness test results showed that SpeedPulse mode had the least change in hardness, followed by SpeedPulseXT mode and Pulse mode had the most change in hardness. When MIG welding is used in additive manufacture of 316L stainless steel, different current modes will affect the forming, internal metallographic structure and hardness of the additive. The effect of the welding in the same direction on the morphology of the additive is greater than that of the welding in the reciprocating direction. |
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