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| 选区激光熔化精密成形轻质镁合金的研究进展 |
| Research Progress in Precise Fabrication of Lightweight Magnesium Alloys by Selective Laser Melting |
| Received:March 10, 2022 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2022.04.010 |
| 中文关键词: 镁合金 选区激光熔化 缺陷 微观组织 成分微调控 后处理 |
| 英文关键词: magnesium alloys selective laser melting defects microstructure component fine-tuning post-treatment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51805415) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LI Xin-zhi | School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China | | FANG Xue-wei | School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China | | CHANG Tian-xing | School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China | | FENG Cheng-hui | Institute of Structural Design, First Aircraft Design Institute of Aviation Industry, Xi'an 710089, China | | HUANG Ke | School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 选区激光熔化成形作为一种新兴的增材制造工艺，可以实现轻质镁合金复杂构件的一体化精密成形。由于镁合金的化学性质活泼，镁合金的选区激光熔化成形相较于其他合金系更具挑战性，沉积构件的强度、塑性、韧性等力学性能指标整体偏低，抗腐蚀性能整体偏差，所以还需进一步提升其综合性能并拓展镁合金的应用领域。综述了近年来国内外关于镁合金选区激光熔化成形方面的研究，为镁合金的精密一体化成形提供相应的理论基础和指导策略。首先阐述了该新兴工艺的原理及特点，基于镁合金熔沸点低、饱和蒸气压高等特点，综合探讨了微裂纹、孔隙和杂质等缺陷的形核原理，提出了相应的缺陷控制策略。对沉积试样的微观组织进行了分析，并与传统工艺进行了比较，并基于此讨论了合金成分微调控和镁基复合材料这 2 种实现成分微调控的主要方案。最后结合热处理、热等静压等后处理方式调控微观组织，并对采用摩擦搅拌、激光冲击强化等强化工艺结合选区激光熔化的复合增材制造工艺在线闭合缺陷、调控微观组织等技术进行展望，希望可以进一步提升镁合金的综合性能，促进镁合金更广泛的工程应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Selective laser melting (SLM), as an emerging additive manufacturing process, can realize the integrated precision fabrication of complex lightweight magnesium alloy components. Due to the active chemical property of magnesium alloys, SLM of magnesium alloys is more challenging than other alloy systems. The strength, plasticity, toughness and other mechanical properties of components by SLM are generally low, and the anti-corrosion properties are poor, so it is necessary to further improve its comprehensive performance and expand the application areas of magnesium alloy. Therefore, the recent research progress on SLM of magnesium alloys at home and abroad was reviewed to provide the corresponding theoretical basis and guidance strategies for the integrated precision fabrication of magnesium alloys. Firstly, the principle and characteristics of SLM were described. Based on the characteristics of magnesium alloys with low melting and boiling points and high saturation vapor pressure, the nucleation principles of defects such as microcracks, porosity and impurities were comprehensively discussed and corresponding defect control strategies were proposed. The microstructure of the deposited specimens was investigated and compared with the conventional technique, on the basis of which the two main options for achieving component fine-tuning were discussed, namely alloy composition fine-tuning and magnesium matrix composites. Finally, post-treatment methods such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were combined to regulate the microstructure. It is expected that the hybrid additive manufacturing process of friction stirring and laser shock peening combined with selective laser melting can close defects online, regulate microstructure and further improve the comprehensive properties of magnesium alloys and promote the wider engineering application of magnesium alloys. |
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