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| 不同工艺参数对高硬度铁粉等离子弧增材熔覆的影响 |
| Influences of Different Process Parameters on Plasma Arc Cladding of High Hardness Stainless Iron Powder |
| Received:November 07, 2019 Revised:January 10, 2020 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2020.01.003 |
| 中文关键词: 等离子弧 高硬度铁粉 熔覆工艺 稀释率 正交试验 |
| 英文关键词: plasma arc high hardness iron powder cladding process dilution rate orthogonal test |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2018YFB1105800） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 优化马氏体不锈钢等离子弧增材熔覆工艺。方法 利用等离子热源在300M表面对新型高硬度铁粉的增材熔覆工艺进行研究。基于三因素三水平熔覆工艺的正交试验，研究在大温度梯度熔覆环境下，等离子弧电流、焊枪移动速度及送粉速率对单道金属熔池的非平衡凝固组织的影响机制，综合考虑单道焊道宏观形貌、成形尺寸及稀释率，确定增材熔敷的电流、焊枪移动速度及送粉速率；在此基础上，基于多道单层及单道多层熔覆的宏观形貌及拉伸性能，确定多道多层增材熔覆的搭接率及熔覆工艺。结果 在电流为140~180 A、移动速度为20~30 cm/min和送粉速率为20~30 r/min的工艺窗口内，电流对焊道的稀释率有较大影响，送粉速率次之；送粉速率对高宽比的影响最大，扫描速度次之。结论 当电流大小为140 A，送粉速率为30 r/min，扫描速率为30 cm/min时，单道单层焊道的稀释率及宽高比最小，热影响区晶粒尺寸较小，叠加率为40%时，熔覆层表面平整度较高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To optimize the plasma-arc cladding process of martensitic stainless steel, a new plasma-arc cladding process of high hardness iron powder was studied on 300M surface with plasma heat source. Based on the orthogonal experiment of three-factor and three-level cladding process, the influences of plasma arc current, welding torch movement speed and feeding rate on the non-equilibrium solidification organization of single metal molten pool in the large temperature gradient cladding environment were researched. The single-channel bead macro morphology, size and dilution rate were considered comprehensively to determine the current, welding torch movement speed and feeding rate of additive cladding. Based on the macroscopic morphology and tensile properties of multi-pass and single-pass multilayer cladding, the lap rate and cladding technology of multi-pass and multilayer additive cladding were determined. The test results showed that in the process win-dow with current of 140-180 A, moving speed of 20-30 cm/min and powder feeding rate of 20-30 r/min, the current had a great influence on the dilution rate of welding pass, followed by powder feeding rate. The effect of powder feeding rate on aspect ratio was the greatest, followed by scanning speed. It can be concluded from the analysis that when the current size is 140 A, the powder feeding rate is 30 r/min, and the scanning rate is 30 cm/min, the dilution rate and width-to-height ratio of single single-pass single-layer welding pass are the smallest, the grain size of thermal affected zone is small, and the superposition rate is 40%, and the surface roughness of cladding layer is higher. |
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