高雅,黄俊兰,纠永涛,等.Cu/Al异种金属钎焊及其界面组织调控的研究现状[J].精密成形工程,2025,17(6):13-25.
GAO Ya,HUANG Junlan,JIU Yongtao,et al.Research Status on Brazing and Interface Microstructure Control of Cu/Al Dissimilar Metal[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2025,17(6):13-25. |
| Cu/Al异种金属钎焊及其界面组织调控的研究现状 |
| Research Status on Brazing and Interface Microstructure Control of Cu/Al Dissimilar Metal |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-19 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.06.002 |
| 中文关键词: Cu/Al异种金属 钎焊工艺 钎料合金化 金属间化合物 界面组织调控 |
| 英文关键词: Cu/Al dissimilar metal brazing process alloying of filler metals intermetallic compound interface microstructure control |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(U22A20191) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| Cu/Al复合结构因具有质量轻、综合性能优良等特点在多领域得到广泛应用。铜铝连接最常用的方法是焊接，但Cu、Al的物理化学性能差异较大，焊接性差。钎焊可以实现Cu/Al异种金属的可靠连接，但焊接过程中接头界面区易反应生成金属间化合物，金属间化合物层过厚会使接头连接强度降低。本文综述了Cu/Al钎焊常用的焊接方法和主要钎料体系，对比了各种焊接方法的优缺点和钎料体系的组织性能特点，重点从钎焊工艺调控、钎料合金化和母材表面金属层改性三方面论述了国内外研究者对钎焊接头界面区组织调控的研究现状。采用超声波复合钎焊、固相焊辅助钎焊、半固态钎焊等钎焊工艺，虽然可以提升接头性能，但设备复杂和操作问题限制了这些方法在Cu/Al钎焊工业中的应用;在母材表面复合中间层/过渡层的方式则需要增加焊前预处理工序，不利于提高生产效率;钎料合金化的研究多是集中在合金元素对钎料组织和性能的实验研究方面，未来可与材料计算相结合，运用材料基因组技术为Cu/Al钎焊材料的研发提供指导。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Cu/Al composite structural parts are widely applied in many fields for their advantages such as low mass and excellent comprehensive properties. The most common method of copper-aluminum connection is welding. However, the significant differences of physical and chemical properties between Cu and Al lead to poor weldability of the two. Brazing is a reliable welding method for joining Cu/Al dissimilar metals. Brazing of Cu/Al metal has a major problem that the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer grows during the welding process which reduces the strength of the brazing joint. This paper reviews the commonly used welding methods and filler metals for Cu/Al brazing, and compares advantages and disadvantages of various welding methods and the microstructure and performance characteristics of the filler metal system. The research status of the microstructure control of the brazed joint interface area is discussed in three aspects which are brazing process regulation, alloying of filler metal, and the transition layer on the matrix material surface. Some methods can improve the property of brazing joint which contain ultrasonic composite brazing, solid phase welding assisted brazing and semi-solid brazing. However, complex equipment and inconvenient operation limit the application of these methods in the Cu/Al brazing industry. The transition layer on the matrix metal surface needs to increase the pre-welding process that is not conducive to improving the production efficiency. The study of alloying filler metal mainly focuses on the experiment of alloy elements on the microstructure and properties of filler metal. In the future, it can be combined with material computing to provide guidance for the research and development of Cu/Al filler metals by using material genome technology. |
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