徐和林,王江华.套筒对接焊工艺及后热消除残余应力研究[J].精密成形工程,2025,17(5):188-196.
XU Helin,WANG Jianghua.Butt Welding Process and Post Heat Measures to Relieve Residual Stress of Sleeves[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2025,17(5):188-196. |
| 套筒对接焊工艺及后热消除残余应力研究 |
| Butt Welding Process and Post Heat Measures to Relieve Residual Stress of Sleeves |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-09 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.05.021 |
| 中文关键词: 套筒 单面V形锁底坡口 批量焊接 焊缝接头 焊接工艺参数 残余应力 |
| 英文关键词: sleeve single-sided V-shaped locking groove batch welding weld joint welding parameter residual stress |
| 基金项目:四川省重点研发计划(2023YFG0166);国家自然科学基金青年基金(61603238) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 在采用单面V形锁底坡口的条件下，探索自动环缝焊接机器人批量焊接27SiMn套筒时的工艺参数及焊后接头性能;研究接头的残余应力分布情况并探究适合批量生产的后热措施以消除残余应力。方法 设计一种单面V形锁底坡口作为27SiMn套筒焊缝对接坡口，利用环焊缝自动焊接设备、CO2气体保护焊对该类套筒坡口进行27SiMn套筒焊接试验，对不同工艺参数下的接头性能进行测试;采用粘贴应变片的方法测得接头的残余应力，并利用电磁感应加热+岩棉包覆保温缓冷的后热处理方式消除残余应力。结果 当焊接电流为240 A时，接头抗拉强度为783.38 MPa，屈强比为0.76;组织为铁素体+贝氏体，随着焊接电流的增大，微观组织中出现马氏体，表面硬度增大。焊态下最大残余应力出现在焊缝中心，轴向残余应力较大而环向残余应力较小，最大轴向残余应力为453.6 MPa压应力，在距离焊缝60 mm处，残余应力降至50 MPa左右;环向应力在焊缝中心处为拉应力而在热影响区为压应力;采用电磁感应加热+岩棉包覆保温2 h的后热方式消除了接头残余应力，接头最大轴向残余应力下降约72.2%。结论 当采用本文设计的V形锁底坡口作为27SiMn套管焊缝坡口时，能够实现接头自动化、高效率的批量焊接，同时焊接最适宜电流为240 A;27SiMn套管焊接后的残余应力较大，需进行进一步消除处理，轴向残余应力较大，以压应力为主，环向残余应力较小，本文采用的电磁感应加热+岩棉包覆保温的方式能够适应批量生产，同时具有较高的经济性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to explore the process parameters and post weld joint performance of batch welding with an automatic circumferential welding robot under a single-sided V-shaped locking groove for 27SiMn sleeves and study the residual stress distribution of the joint and investigate the use of post heat measures suitable for mass production to eliminate residual stress. A single-sided V-shaped locking groove was designed as the butt welding groove for 27SiMn sleeve welds. The 27SiMn sleeve welding test was conducted on this type of groove through automatic circumferential welding equipment and CO2 gas shielded welding, and the joint performance was tested under different process parameters. The residual stress distribution of the joint was measured by pasting strain gauges, and the post heat treatment method of electromagnetic induction heating+rock wool coating insulation and slow cooling was explored to eliminate residual stress. When the welding current was 240 A, the joint had a tensile strength of 783.38 MPa and a yield strength ratio of 0.76. The microstructure consisted of ferrite and bainite and as the welding current increased, martensite appeared in the microstructure and the surface hardness increased. The maximum residual stress in the welded state occurred at the center of the weld, with larger axial residual stress and smaller circumferential residual stress. The maximum axial residual stress was 453.6 MPa compressive stress, and the residual stress dropped to about 50 MPa at a distance of 60 mm from the weld. The circumferential stress was tensile stress at the center of the weld and compressive stress in the heat affected zone. The post heat method of electromagnetic induction heating and rock wool insulation for 2 h was used to eliminate residual stress in the joint, and the maximum axial residual stress in the joint decreased by about 72.2%. The V-shaped locking groove designed can achieve automatic and efficient batch welding of 27SiMn sleeve welds, and the most suitable welding current is 240 A. After welding, the residual stress of 27SiMn sleeve is relatively high and needs further elimination treatment. The axial residual stress is mainly compressive stress, while the circumferential residual stress is relatively small. The method of electromagnetic induction heating+rock wool coating insulation adopted can adapt to mass production and has high economy. |
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