汪雨昌,王孟超,石如星,等.油淬&双回火对H13钢微观组织演化与力学性能的影响规律[J].精密成形工程,2025,17(3):167-179.
WANG Yuchang,WANG Mengchao,SHI Ruxing,et al.Effect of Oil Quenching and Tempering Treatment on the Microstructure andMechanical Properties of H13 Steel[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2025,17(3):167-179. |
| 油淬&双回火对H13钢微观组织演化与力学性能的影响规律 |
| Effect of Oil Quenching and Tempering Treatment on the Microstructure andMechanical Properties of H13 Steel |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-01 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.03.019 |
| 中文关键词: H13钢 油淬与回火 微观组织演化 力学性能 随机森林 |
| 英文关键词: H13 steel oil quenching and tempering microstructural evolution mechanical properties random forest |
| 基金项目:洛阳市重大科技创新专项(2301020A) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 63 |
| 全文下载次数: 10 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 揭示油淬及多次回火过程中H13钢微观组织演化机制，研究不同淬火温度、回火温度及次数对奥氏体晶粒尺寸、残余奥氏体体积分数、马氏体形貌尺寸及碳化物溶解与析出的影响规律，分析力学性能的变化趋势。方法 以H13钢为研究对象，进行920~1 040 ℃的油淬实验和400~600 ℃的回火实验，采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察不同处理条件下的微观组织演化，统计分析微观特征参数的变化规律，采用万能试验机和冲击试验机测试材料屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率和冲击韧性指标，采用随机森林方法进行材料力学性能预测。结果 当H13钢油淬温度从920 ℃升至1 040 ℃时，奥氏体晶粒平均直径从12 μm增至40 μm，当920 ℃和960 ℃油淬时，有大量未溶碳化物，在1 000 ℃时碳化物数量减少、尺寸增大，在1 040 ℃时全溶;在400 ℃时，回火碳化物细小、有未分解残奥，在540 ℃时，残奥进一步分解、碳化物尺寸增加，在570 ℃时，残奥尺寸显著增大，在540 ℃时，回火后残余奥氏体全部分解且碳化物分布均匀;H13硬度随淬火温度的升高而增大，屈服强度和抗拉强度先升后降，冲击韧性增大，在1 040 ℃时冲击值最大，为20.2 J;随着回火温度的升高，H13钢硬度下降，屈服强度与抗拉强度先升后降，冲击值增大。建立了硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度、冲击值的随机森林模型，确定系数R2分别为0.902 9、0.893 1、0.891 6、0.904 6。结论 油淬温度对奥氏体晶粒尺寸影响显著，而回火温度直接决定了碳化物析出形貌、体积分数和尺寸，并且影响了残余奥氏体的分解，且对硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度产生了重要影响，在1 000 ℃下油淬和540 ℃下2次回火时，材料的硬度、强度和韧性匹配最好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to reveal the microstructural evolution mechanism of H13 steel during the oil quenching and multiple tempering processes, study the effect laws of different quenching temperatures, tempering temperatures and cycles on the austenite grain size, retained austenite volume fraction, martensite morphology and size, as well as the dissolution and precipitation of carbides, and analyze the changing trends of mechanical properties. With H13 steel as the research object, oil quenching experiments at 920-1 040 ℃ and tempering experiments at 400-600 ℃ were carried out. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the microstructural evolution and statistically analyze the changes in micro-characteristic parameters. A universal testing machine and an impact testing machine were used to test the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness indicators of the material. The random forest method was used to predict the mechanical properties of the material. When the oil quenching temperature of H13 steel rose from 920 ℃ to 1 040 ℃, the average diameter of austenite grains increased from 12 μm to 40 μm. There were a large number of undissolved carbides after oil quenching at 920 ℃ and 960 ℃. The amount of carbides decreased and the size increased at 1 000 ℃, and the carbides were completely dissolved at 1 040 ℃. At 400 ℃ tempering, the carbides were fine and there was undissolved retained austenite. The retained austenite further decomposed and the size of carbides increased at 540 °C, and it increased significantly at 570 ℃. After tempering at 540 ℃, the retained austenite was completely decomposed and the carbides were evenly distributed. The hardness of H13 increased with the increase of quenching temperature, the yield strength and tensile strength firstly increased and then decreased, the impact toughness increased, and the maximum impact value was 20.2 J at 1 040 ℃. As the tempering temperature increased, the hardness of H13 steel decreased, the yield strength and tensile strength firstly increased and then decreased, and the impact value increased. Random forest models for hardness, tensile strength, yield strength and impact value were established, and the determination coefficients R² were 0.902 9, 0.893 1, 0.891 6 and 0.904 6 respectively. Finally, it is concluded that the oil quenching temperature has a significant impact on the austenite grain size, the tempering temperature directly determines the precipitation morphology, volume fraction and size of carbides, affects the decomposition of retained austenite, and has an important effect on the hardness, yield strength and tensile strength. When treated by oil quenching at 1 000 ℃ and twice tempering at 540 ℃, the material has the best matching of hardness, strength and toughness. |
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