梅婷,杨英,邹斌,等.热处理工艺对1Cr18Ni9不锈钢低周疲劳性能及微观组织演化的影响[J].精密成形工程,2025,17(3):148-159.
MEI Ting,YANG Ying,ZOU Bin,et al.Effects of Heat Treatment on the Low-cycle Fatigue Performance and Microstructural Evolution of 1Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2025,17(3):148-159. |
| 热处理工艺对1Cr18Ni9不锈钢低周疲劳性能及微观组织演化的影响 |
| Effects of Heat Treatment on the Low-cycle Fatigue Performance and Microstructural Evolution of 1Cr18Ni9 Stainless Steel |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-13 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.03.017 |
| 中文关键词: 1Cr18Ni9不锈钢 热处理 低周疲劳 微观结构演化 马氏体相变 |
| 英文关键词: 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel heat treatment low-cycle fatigue microstructural evolution martensitic transformation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学面上基金(12272245);某19型号项目研制基金(XM040101000035) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探究热处理前后1Cr18Ni9不锈钢材料的低周疲劳力学响应是否存在变化，以及相应的微观组织结构是否存在差异，并且探究微观组织结构演化对宏观疲劳力学性能的影响。方法 在同样加载条件和加载环境下，分别对不经热处理(即母材试样)和经过热处理的试样进行了由应变控制的室温低周疲劳测试，分别获取了各组试样的力学行为特征。针对2组试样分别进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等尺度的微结构表征，包括母材试样和热处理试样的疲劳断口截面形貌、初始态和变形态晶粒结构表征以及变形态位错形貌分析等。结果 室温低周疲劳测试结果表明，热处理后的试样表现出比母材试样更加优异的抗疲劳性能，主要体现为更好的材料强度、优异的材料韧性以及更高的疲劳寿命。微结构表征结果表明，热处理促进了材料内部退火孪晶的生长，并降低了初始位错密度;热处理加工使合金整体的塑性变形行为更加协调，这在一定程度上降低了疲劳变形过程中局部区域微裂纹的萌生，从而有利于延长材料的疲劳寿命;热处理后，在变形过程中可以形成更加密集且广泛分布的位错胞状结构，与变形微孪晶之间相互作用，有效阻碍了后续位错的运动，从而提高了合金的塑性应变能力;热处理后试样产生马氏体相变的门槛值降低，促进了奥氏体基体向马氏体板条的转变，马氏体板条的体积分数约占20%，从而提高了合金抗疲劳破坏的能力。结论 1Cr18Ni9不锈钢材料在经过热处理后，其抗低周疲劳破坏能力得到提升，合金中相应的微观组织结构在热处理后发生变化，引起了马氏体相变，微观组织结构的演化特征解释了力学性能之间的差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to investigate the changes in low-cycle fatigue mechanical response of 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel before and after heat treatment, as well as the corresponding differences in microstructural characteristics and explore the effect of microstructural evolution on the macroscopic fatigue mechanical properties. Low-cycle fatigue tests controlled by strain were conducted at room temperature on both non-heat-treated (as-built) samples and heat-treated samples under identical loading conditions and environments to obtain the mechanical behavior characteristics of each group. Microstructural characterization was performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including analysis of fatigue fracture surface morphology, initial and deformed grain structure characterization, and dislocation morphology. The results of low-cycle fatigue tests at room temperature indicated that the heat-treated samples exhibited superior fatigue resistance compared to the as-built samples, characterized by enhanced material strength, excellent ductility, and increased fatigue lifetime. Microstructural characterization revealed that the heat treatment promoted the growth of annealing twins and reduced the initial dislocation density. The heat treatment process enhanced the overall plastic deformation behavior, making it more coordinated. It reduced the initiation of microcracks in localized areas during the fatigue process, thereby contributing to an extended fatigue life. After heat treatment, a more densely distributed dislocation cell structure formed during deformation, interacting with the deformed micro-twins and effectively obstructing subsequent dislocation movement, thereby enhancing the plastic strain capacity of the alloy. Furthermore, the threshold for the martensitic phase transformation was lowered in the heat-treated samples, facilitating the transition from austenite matrix to martensite lath, with approximately 20% martensite lath content, which improved the resistance of the alloy to fatigue failure. The heat treatment of 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel enhances its resistance to low-cycle fatigue failure, accompanied by significant changes in the corresponding microstructural characteristics. The observed martensitic phase transformation provides an explanation for the differences in mechanical properties through the evolution of the microstructure. |
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