吕源,易聪,周留成,等.1Cr15Ni4Mo3N不锈钢表面显微硬度演化与疲劳性能研究[J].精密成形工程,2024,16(12):189-197.
LYU Yuan,YI Cong,ZHOU Liucheng,et al.Surface Microhardness Evolution and Fatigue Properties of 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N Stainless Steel[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2024,16(12):189-197. |
| 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N不锈钢表面显微硬度演化与疲劳性能研究 |
| Surface Microhardness Evolution and Fatigue Properties of 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N Stainless Steel |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-06 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2024.12.017 |
| 中文关键词: 显微硬度 逐级载荷加载法 疲劳损伤 疲劳极限 断口形貌 不锈钢 |
| 英文关键词: microhardness step-by-step loading method fatigue damage fatigue limit fracture morphology stainless steel |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项(J2019-IV-0014-0082) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 研究1Cr15Ni4Mo3N高强不锈钢服役过程中表面硬度演化规律及其疲劳极限。方法 采用疲劳拉伸试样，在应力比为0.1条件下对不锈钢开展0、2 000、104、105、106、5×106、107次循环的疲劳试验，使用显微硬度计测试试件表面显微硬度;采用逐级载荷加载法测试不锈钢疲劳极限并用统计学方法验证试验结果的可靠性;使用扫描电镜观察分析疲劳断口形貌特征。结果 在0~104次循环下，硬度由433.39HV1提高至459.43HV1，当循环至107次时，硬度下降至326.11HV1，试验得到不锈钢疲劳极限为765.7 MPa。断口宏观形貌表明，裂纹源位于试件表面层，断面具备裂纹源区、扩展区、瞬断区3个典型疲劳特征，扩展区表面比较平整，微观下扩展区呈河流状花样向四周放射扩展，伴随有大量二次裂纹发生和少量二相粒子析出，有明显的疲劳辉纹。瞬断区相对粗糙，有大范围等轴韧窝，且韧窝内存在大量二相粒子析出。结论 在疲劳加载过程中，低循环周期表现为循环硬化，高循环周期表现为循环软化。疲劳极限统计结果具有可靠性。在不锈钢塑性变形时，第二相粒子周围出现裂纹形成微孔并不断扩大聚集最终导致韧性断裂。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The work aims to study the evolution of surface hardness and its fatigue limit of 1Cr15Ni4Mo3N high-strength stainless steel during service. Fatigue tensile specimens were adopted and at the stress ratio of 0.1, a series of 0, 2 000, 104, 105, 106, 5×106, 107 cycles of fatigue tests were carried out on the stainless steel. The microhardness tester was employed to test specimen surface microhardness. The fatigue limit of stainless steel was tested by the step-by-step loading method and the reliability of the test results was verified by statistical methods. Morphological characteristics of the fatigue fracture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy observations. The hardness increased from 433.39HV1 to 459.43HV1 in 0-104 cycles and decreased to 326.11HV1 in 107 cycles. The fatigue limit of the stainless steel was tested to be 765.7 MPa. The macroscopic morphology of the fracture showed that the crack source was located in the surface layer of the specimen, and the section had three typical fatigue features, namely, the crack source area, extension area and instantaneous fracture area. The surface of the extension area was relatively flat, and the extension area was radiating to the surrounding area in the form of a river-like pattern under the microscopic view, which was accompanied by a large number of secondary cracks and a small amount of second-phase particles precipitation, and there was an obvious fatigue glint. The instantaneous fracture area was relatively rough, with a wide range of equiaxial ligament fossa, and a large number of two-phase particles precipitated in the ligament fossa. Therefore, during fatigue loading, low cycle times exhibit cyclic hardening and high cycle times exhibit cyclic softening. The fatigue limit statistics results are reliable. During plastic deformation of stainless steel, cracks appear around the second phase particles to form micropores and expanding aggregates eventually, leading to ductile fracture. |
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